Trail of tears arkansas. history. , Bentonville Shiloh The National Park Service marked the routes used by the Cherokees as the National Historic Trail of Tears. This port on the Arkansas River was also a stopping spot for the Butterfield Overland Mail Route. The three itineraries below connect places with stories and experiences. Oct 29, 2023 · Two Trail of Tears Removal Routes interest in Little Rock, the Water Route - which followed the Tennessee, Ohio, Mississippi, and Arkansas Rivers - and the Bell Route which coursed east-west through Tennessee and Arkansas before ending in Indian Territory. Sep 4, 2025 · Online Sources: Trail of Tears Cherokee Nation v. Stagecoach route. The mission of the Trail of Tears Association is to promote and engage in the protection and preservation of Trail of Tears National Historic Trail resources to encourage awareness of the Trail’s legacy. Apr 23, 2025 · The Trail of Tears National Historic Trail commemorates the Cherokee people and their movement across a series of routes during their forced removal in 1838-1839. This is located in the immediate vicinity of a large number of north-south migration routes and east-west water migration routes for the Cherokee and other southeastern tribes during the 1830s and 1840s. Stand Watie’s Cherokee Confederate troops. This is located in the immedate vicinity of a large number of north-south migration routes and east-west water migration routes for the Cherokee and other southeastern tribes during the 1830s and 1840s. Fort Smith National Historic Site is located on the Arkansas River in downtown Fort Smith, Arkansas. Eastern Woodland’s Indigenous Mar 28, 2024 · This site is on the Old Wire Road Itinerary which helps the public explore Trail of Tears sites in northwest Arkansas. The work was unveiled on the south exterior wall of the museum May 8. The National Trails System – Intermountain Region of the National Park Service, located in Santa Fe, […] Mar 26, 2011 · Lead a class discussion in which students create symbols that represent different kinds of landscapes along the northern and southern routes of the Trail of Tears, as represented by the “Trail of Tears Road Segments on the National Register of Historic Places” Map. Oct 29, 2023 · Lake Dardanelle State Park demonstrates the drastic changes made to the Arkansas River after the Trail of Tears with the creation of the reservoir but original landmarks seen by the Cherokee and other groups during Indian Removal on this Water Route are still recognizable. The Old Southwest Trail is also known as the National Road and the Jan 14, 2023 · The Mississippi River was the Trail of Tears Water Route and the boardwalk overlook offers a place to consider the boats passing by on their way to the Arkansas River and eventually, Indian Territory. The Choctaw relocation movement during the Trail of Tears also passed through the town, as did the Southwest Trail, a network of routes that became a major emigration route during the 1820s. The original trail covered the same route as the Southwest Trail in Randolph County—entering Arkansas from Missouri at Hix (then Pitman’s) Ferry and exiting the county at Miller’s Ford. Blevins Gap Preserve is home to the Smokerise Trail, where visitors can retrace more than a mile of the Trail of Tears. Historic homes that Civil War troops passed by still stand - the most well known being the Tebbetts House. Jun 24, 2017 · 1. This loose collection of paths and rivers connect Native homelands, through Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas before concluding in "Indian Territory," today known as Oklahoma. See the power and wonder of Blue Spring, pouring 38 million gallons of cold, clear water each day into its trout-filled lagoon. May 16, 2024 · You can visit multiple Water Route sites on the Arkansas River by following the "Follow the Arkansas River, Retrace the Trail of Tears" itinerary. May 21, 2023 · Trail of Tears: Western Arkansas & Oklahoma ItineraryFort Smith witnessed life on the edge of Indian Territory, and the park tells its stories through the experiences of soldiers, outlaws, and lawmen. There were no roads to travel over, as the country was just a wilderness. Officers' Quarters housed officers and their families and were located northwest of the flagpole. NPS How the Trail of Tears Began The United States of the 1820s was growing in population and pushing its land boundaries via western expansion. You may be able to find a bike at this spot. Northern Route through Franklin County Land route followed State Hwy 352, from Clarksville to State Hwy 23 north of Ozark, then west on “Old Wire Road” to the Mulberry River. ” Arkansas map showing the locations of road segments used during the Trail of Tears that are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Apr 23, 2025 · What is a National Historic Trail? Many folks wonder what a national historic trail actually is. All five of the civilized nations were removed through Arkansas, however only the Cherokee traveled through Benton and Washington counties. Thousands of Native Americans died during forced removal from their eastern homelands to the Great Plains, along what is now know as the Trail of Tears for many different tribes and nations. This site is on the Old Wire Road Itinerary which helps the public explore Trail of Tears sites in northwest Arkansas. For more information contact us today. Tar Camp Park is 84 miles by water from Indian Territory, the end of the Trail of Tears Water Route. Arkansas Hundreds of miles of the Trail of Tears winds through Arkansas. Scholarship and research on the Trail of Tears in Arkansas is ongoing. Arkansas Post was the first stop in Arkansas for most of the detachments on the Water Route of the Trail of Tears. Mar 17, 2017 · The food on the Trail of Tears was very bad and very scarce and the Indians would go for two of three days without water, which they would get just when they came to a creek or river as there were no wells to get water from. Old Wire Road Itinerary This itinerary focuses on the Cherokee as they get very close to arriving in Indian Territory. Mar 24, 2016 · This monument in Fort Smith overlooks the Arkansas River, a passageway for many tribes along the Trail of Tears. But by getting out and driving and walking these dirt paths, reading the journals, and viewing artifacts left behind by these families, we connect and relate in a new way. The 21st Century Hike Avoiding crossing private property, we have created a 37-mile walking/riding trail that, using existing paved and gravel roads, closely, and for the most part exactly, follows the Trail of Tears’ path across Randolph County. Site Information Location (4600 River Road, Redfield in Jefferson County AR along the Arkansas River) Amenities Places to Go along the Trail Trip planning? This map highlights different sites that can be visited along the trail. Both the Trail of Tears and the Butterfield Trail are part of the Arkansas Historic Trails System. You'll find museums, interpretive centers, and historic sites that provide information and interpretation on this interactive map. The tribes were forced from their lands and made to travel The above information is taken from a report to the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program (2002) written by Duane King and from papers presented at the Benge Detachment Symposium sponsored by the Arkansas Chapter, Trail of Tears Association, in Pocahontas, Arkansas, March 29, 2014. Georgia (30 U. Mar 26, 2011 · You can also choose to have students read the enclosed essay “Arkansas Native Americans and the Trail of Tears. Each site features one aspect or story about the Cherokee and Creek experience traveling the Trail of Tears by water, highlighting the challenges and complexities that arose daily on the Arkansas River. Apr 23, 2025 · National Trails Office Regions 6, 7, & 8 Trail of Tears National Historic Trail 1100 Old Santa Fe Trail Santa Fe, NM 87505 Jul 20, 2021 · Arkansas has long been a crossroads of American history, where pivotal moments shaped the nation’s past and left lasting marks on the land. Nov 7, 2022 · Village Creek State Park near Wynne has the most intact segment of the Trail of Tears in Arkansas. Oct 29, 2023 · You can visit multiple Water Route sites on the Arkansas River by following the Trail of Tears: Arkansas River Water Route Itinerary. At the crossroads of the Trail of Tears, Little Rock reckons with its history Native Americans’ forced march in the 1800s ran through the Arkansas capital. (more) Join a park interpreter to hear about this infamous trail as it wound through the Pinnacle Mountain area nearly 200 years ago. 479-967-5516. Arkansas State Parks has five parks that lie along these removal routes. Winfield Scott's Address to the Cherokee Nation (May 10, 1838) Historic Blue Spring, a stop on the Trail of Tears, pours 38 million gallons of water each day into its trout-stocked lagoon. , Russellville. Connect with the natural beauty of our many native gardens. MANAGED BY: U. The park includes the ruins and surviving buildings of two frontier forts, the original "Hell on the Border Oct 15, 2023 · [Stone monument] Trail of Tears 1832-1840 Arkansas River valley routes Choctaw – Chickasaw Muscogee Creek Seminole – Cherokee [Panel] Trail of Tears Routes through Franklin County 1. The words "Trail of Tears" in English and the Cherokee Oct 29, 2023 · Pendleton Bend Park is on the Arkansas River just upstream from Arkansas Post National Memorial. (KATV) — The Arkansas Chapter Trail of Tears Association hosted their annual meeting on August 16, where they also unveiled the Water Route for the Drops that Filled the River Visit the historic bluff shelter, now on the National Register of Historic Places. Hear from trail staff about how we define these important parts of history. Trail of Tears Seven interpretative panels commemorate the Cherokee Trail of Tears and similar forced migrations by the other Four Civilized Tribes. Map of the Trail of Tears portion of the Arkansas Heritage Trails System. Use the interactive map and the sites listed on the Arkansas Places to Go page to identify and visit more. 100 State Park Dr. The Trail of Tears Association is headquartered in Little Rock and works with the Cherokee Nation, the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail and the National Park Service to uncover new information and extend interpretation. ” The Arkansas portion of this trail originally consisted of two routes of fifty-nine and 337 miles, respfectively, but was expanded in 2009 The lake includes the historic and modern channels of the Arkansas River, part of the water route of the Trail of Tears. At Lake Guntersville State Park, the Trail of Tears is remembered annually with storytelling, a variety of ritual dances, memorial walks, and displays. Trail of Tears Overlook: Walk along the mighty Arkansas River and enjoy exhibit panels that tell the story of the five civilized tribes that were forcibly removed to Indian Territory. Interactive Trail Map Explore the Northwest Arkansas Heritage Trail on this interactive map, where you'll find color-coded routes following the Trail of Tears, Butterfield Overland Mail, and Civil War activities, as well as historic sites along the Heritage Trail complete with photos and links for more information. [6] As part of Indian removal, members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations were forcibly Apr 18, 2025 · A new short film on Cherokee history is filming in Prairie Grove, capturing the Trail of Tears' essence. The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This forced relocation is remembered as the Trail of Tears. Apr 15, 2008 · Bell's Route of the Cherokee Trail of Tears in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, 1838-1839 Overview The detachment headed by John Bell differed from the parties under Cherokee Chief John Ross's supervision. Each site features one aspect or story about the Cherokee experience traveling the Trail of Tears in this area as they approach the end of their journey and arrive in Indian Territory (today’s Oklahoma). Oct 30, 2023 · You can visit multiple Water Route sites on the Arkansas River by following the Trail of Tears: Arkansas River Water Route Itinerary. For those on the Trail of Tears, it was the last point of federal land before entering Indian Territory. Tour the exhibits and learn some of the history behind the events leading up to this mass emigration. National Trails Office Regions 6|7|8 Trail of Tears National Historic Trail 1100 Old Santa Fe Trail Santa Fe , NM Blue Spring Heritage Center in Eureka Springs is home to one of the deepest natural springs in Arkansas. com Nov 14, 2024 · As part of this journey, many Native Americans traveled through Arkansas, leaving a poignant and vital legacy. Southeastern tribes, removed from their homes, made decisions here that changed their lives. The Trail of Tears The Benge Route of the Trail of Tears reflects the tragic relocation of Cherokee and Creek tribes from the southern Appalachians in 1838. Stretching across nine states, the trail memorializes the paths taken by tens of thousands of Indigenous peoples forcibly removed from their homelands. A Trail of Tears monument is located on Ark. For more context and primary documents, learn more about the Trail of Tears Through Arkansas - The Indian Removal Chronicle from the University of Arkansas. Down the trail from where you are standing is the most well-preserved remaining section of the historic Trail of Tears in Arkansas. Arkansas has hundreds of miles of the Trail of Tears, and of the nine states traversed by the trail, is the only state that witnessed the removal of all five of the Southeastern tribes as they moved west. Jan 13, 2023 · Fort Smith witnessed life on the edge of Indian Territory, and the park tells its stories through the experiences of soldiers, outlaws, and lawmen. Army Corps of Engineers Heritage trails running through Fayetteville include the Trail of Tears, Civil War troop movement, and Butterfield Overland Mail Co. National TOTA - We are focused on identify, protect, and preserve Trail of Tears National Historic Trail resources and to promote awareness of the Trail’s legacy. This was one of several routes to forcibly remove Native Americans from their ancestral lands in the southeast for new homes in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). Safety Considerations More Site Information Trail of Tears National Historic Trail After 1817, some Cherokees emigrated to Arkansas Territory (later Indian Territory) and became known as “Old Settlers. View the historic film, stroll the garden paths and visit the bluff shelter on the National Register of Historic Places. These parks have been certified as National Park Service Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Sites: Lake Dardanelle Ark. The National Park Service administers the trail in partnership with the Trail of Tears Association; the Cherokee Nation; the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; federal, state, county, and local agencies; interested groups; and This spot was a stop along the Trail of Tears Water Route on the Arkansas River in Central Arkansas. These trails, along with other historically significant passageways, are now part of the Arkansas Heritage Trails System. However, this did not tell the full story of Indian Removal and left out four of the five tribes affected. The city is now grappling with how to Oct 30, 2023 · The Trail of Tears exhibit focuses on how steam technology allowed the movement of people and goods on rivers. This paved, fairly level path offers shade in hot weather. The exhibits are located on the levee in Helena River Park, also known as the Helena Levee Walk. The Trail of Tears Association is a non-profit membership organization formed for the development of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail. There was a ferry in operation here from 1820 to 1971 and a tavern from 1830 to 1850. Free and open to the public, located on the Arkansas A Chronicle of the Trail of Tears Through Arkansas Batesville, Arkansas Fayetteville, Arkansas Fort Coffee, Arkansas Fort Smith, Arkansas Helena, Arkansas McLean’s Bottom, Arkansas Montgomery’s Point, Arkansas Mouth of Cache, Arkansas Pine Bluff, Arkansas Point Remove Creek, Arkansas Rock Roe Bayou, Arkansas Museum of Native American History: 202 SW O St. The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement of about 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850, and the additional thousands of Native Americans and their black slaves [3][4][5] within that were ethnically cleansed by the United States government. Diacon is an enrolled member of the Mvskoke (Creek) Nation of Oklahoma, the Raprakko Etvlwa Heritage trails in Arkansas are easy to find and follow using our heritage trail map guide, so start planning history trips to learn about Arkansas's part in the Civil War, Trail of Tears and more! Mar 5, 2013 · In Central, Arkansas, Trail of Tears routes run from Little Rock, along Stagecoach Road, University Avenue, down Markham, over the Broadway Bridge, into Hwy 365, traveling into North Little Rock, through Maumelle, Mayflower, and into Conway, Arkansas where the Historic Point Remove Train Depot and Museum of the Cherokee Removal has been restored. Free and open to the public, located on the Arkansas Site and a stop on the Trail of Tears National Scenic Trail. 62 near the University of Arkansas. Tradition and heritage run deep jn the collective souls of the Five Southeastern Tribes (Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, and The structure is linked to the Trail of Tears, the Underground Railroad, and the Civil War. The routes themselves are still evident in the landscape, even still traveled by cars today. At other times it is ancient and haunting. Founded in 1820, Helena was a bustling port by the time the Information on this page was provided courtesy of Bill Woodiel, past Vice-President of the Arkansas Chapter of the Trail of Tears Association and a former member of the Board of Directors for the National Trail of Tears Association. Aug 17, 2025 · LITTLE ROCK, Ark. The Tsa La Gi trail in Fayetteville follows the approximate route of the trail as well. Surrounding parks and recreation areas, including Lee Creek, afford many opportunities for fishing, boating, hiking and golfing. Map of the six geographic regions of Arkansas overlaid on counties. Learn the Trail of Tears history, as you follow the Arkansas Trail of Tears, along which Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole Indians traveled in the 1830s. ) There is a historical marker at an old rock school located where Arkansas Highways 156 and 59 join, nine miles east of Stilwell, Oklahoma, near Evansville, Arkansas. Walk on ground that nurtured the Cherokee people during the Trail of Tears. North Carolina Western North Carolina’s mountains stood as the centerpiece of Cherokee civilization long before the arrival of Europeans. May 21, 2023 · The trail is just beyond the small creek running parallel to the road. Jan 22, 2014 · The Arkansas Indigenous Nations guide is designed to offer resources that deepen our understanding and appreciation of the rich history and cultural heritage of Arkansas' Indigenous Peoples. At times it is a modern environment since we still use this route of travel today. Jun 3, 2021 · Trail of Tears mural – Museum of Native American History Artist Johnnie Diacon created a three-panel mural installation for the Museum of Native American History in Bentonville, Arkansas, that depicts the Trail of Tears. The Cherokee Trail of Tears Map Map showing the routes of forced migration of Native Americans to Oklahoma Territory. Blue Spring was an important site on the Cherokee Trail of Tears and later the location of a mill that was destroyed during the Civil War. This was called the “Bell Arkansas TOT Map An interactive map provided by the Arkansas Chapter of the Trail of Tears Association. Hit the Trail! Jan 19, 2024 · In 1987, Congress created the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail (TOTNHT): “a trail consisting of water routes and overland routes traveled by the Cherokee Nation during its removal from ancestral lands in the East to Oklahoma during 1838 and 1839. Called the Memphis to Little Rock Road, it was completed in 1829 and provided the first improved route between Memphis and Little Rock, and became a major route of Indian removal for Choctaw, Chickasaw and Muscogee (Creek). A powerful conversation on history, resilience, and remembrance. For this reason, Lake Dardanelle State Park is a registered Trail of Tears site “Trail of Tears” is wonderfully made video about a truly dark time in Cherokee history as well as U. Aug 12, 2025 · The River Trail hugs the Arkansas River past Belle Point and Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Overlook and takes you to Fort Smith Riverfront Park. Courtesy of the National Park Service Learn the Trail of Tears history, as you follow the Arkansas Trail of Tears, along which Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole Indians traveled in the 1830s. 1) [1831] Cherokee Trail of Tears through Arkansas Digital Library of Georgia DPLA: Primary Source Set: Cherokee Removal and the Trail of Tears Gen. RETRACE THE TRAIL The sites of Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, stretching 5,043 miles across nine states, together form a journey of compassion and understanding. Some sections of the Trail of Tears are preserved as trails today in places like Village Creek State Park and the Trail of Tears park at UALR (which is part of the Coleman Creek Greenway). The Trail Designated as a national historic trail by Congress in 1987, the Trail commemorates the forced removal of the Cherokee people from their homelands in the southeastern United States to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) in 1838 – 1839. Indian Removal is a primary theme and the Trail of Tears is featured. Oct 9, 2023 · The Trail of Tears was designated by Congress in 1987 as a national historic trail. The Trail of Tears Association covers all Seven interpretative panels commemorate the Cherokee Trail of Tears and similarly forced migrations by the other Four Civilized Tribes. Front cover, clockwise: Trail of Tears at Village Creek State Park, Southwest Trail in Lonoke County, Pea Ridge battle re-enactment Above: Southwest Trail near Benton From the Arkansas Delta to the Ozark Mountains and in every geographic region in between, Arkansas’s history and heritage is deeply rooted in its landscape. ” During the 1830s, most of the tribe was removed from their highland homeland by the United States Government in the tragic trek known as the “Trail of Tears” and forced to migrate to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). May 11, 2016 · Trail of Tears Historical Markers The Indian Removal Act of 1830 opened a dark chapter in American history. Information about American Indians and the Trail of Tears and their relation to the Blue Spring Heritage Center in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Come discover the land of blue skies and laughing Oct 3, 2016 · The Trail of Tears monument dedicated Sept. With this growth, there was a problem; Indigenous peoples occupied the land that the Euro-American citizens wanted to settle on. Keep reading to discover numerous stories and significant markers along the trail. 24 in Ozark, Arkansas, is a stone slab that is 6 feet by 4-1/2 feet wide that sits on a 14-foot-by-16-foot stone-stamped, concrete slab. government ordered about 100,000 Indigenous people to leave their homelands in the Southeast and settle west of the Mississippi River. The Visitor Center and grounds include displays about the Trail of Tears. Mar 6, 2023 · Site Information Location (Evansville, Arkansas; near the border of Arkansas and Stilwell, Oklahoma. Oct 15, 2023 · Consider that the Trail of Tears followed five routes across nine states by land and water. Aug 3, 2014 · As you can see on the map below, several routes passed through Arkansas. Dec 14, 2022 · Trail of Tears sign, near stop one, on driving tour at Pea Ridge National Military Park. National TOTA - We Provide Trail of Tears information to museums, parks, classroom teachers, and the public as well as serve many other functions. Strengths of the collection include: Native press history, Trail of Tears, American Indian/Alaska Native authors, Cherokee history and culture, and Oklahoma and Indian Territory history and politics. The site has in-depth exhibits about Indian removal. May 6, 2021 · The involvement of modern American Indians in the review process for various state and federally funded or mandated projects understandably raises the issue of the nineteenth century historical event known as the Trail of Tears. This beautiful trail preserves a dramatic remaining portion of the Trail of Tears. No permits are required to hike this route. The 3/4 mile paved walking trail begins from the parking lot and follows along the Arkansas River to Belle Point. It was also used by the detachment of Cherokee that signed the treaty of New Echota that . Sep 18, 2025 · “Trail of Tears” has come to describe the journey of Native Americans forced to leave their ancestral homes in the Southeast and move to the new Indian Territory defined as “west of Arkansas,” in present-day Oklahoma. S. It is one thing reading about the plight of our Sep 26, 2022 · The Trail of Tears National Historic Trail is a long-distance route that follows the path the Cherokee nation took during their forced relocation. The Trail of Tears is a series of paths traveled by Native American tribes during the forced relocation that followed the Indian Removal Act of 1830. A Trail of Tears interpretive marker is located at the intersection of Arkansas highways 156 and 59 Early in the Civil War, Evansville was occupied by Gen. Review Bill Woodiel's comments explaining what brought about the Cherokee Removal. Location of an encampment of approximately 1,200 Cherokee who, on January 13, 1839, were on a forced march from their homeland in the southern Appalachians to what is now Oklahoma; now known as The Trail of Tears. These locations would have witnessed countless Native Americans as they were being forcibly relocated. Oct 30, 2023 · These sites highlight the challenges of the trail and the effects of the journey. The trail segment’s name, Tsa-La-Gi, is the word for “Cherokee” in the Cherokee language, and the trail roughly follows one of the routes of the Trail of Tears, the path taken by Cherokee people during their forced migration. If you are using an online service for mapping, look for different symbols that are available and assign them a meaning for Feb 17, 2021 · Downloadable PublicationsThese publications are presented in PDF format, you may need Abobe Acrobat Reader to view these files. The Trail of Tears along the Memphis to Little Rock Road Marker Inscription. Here in northwest Arkansas, you can see and feel the trail. 4 days ago · Cherokee Trail of Tears Through Present-Day Bentonville The land where Crystal Bridges Museum now stands once felt the footsteps of 16,000 Cherokee forced from their homes. Also mounted in the concrete in front of the standing monument are four pieces of diamond-shaped Cherokee Marble 1 foot in size from a quarry in Tate, Georgia. Trail of Tears Water Route Markers Two markers, "Helena and the Trail of Tears" and "They Passed this Way," commemorate the grueling Water Route to Indian Territory. See full list on arkansasstateparks. Apr 29, 2025 · John McLarty traces the Trail of Tears through Northwest Arkansas—revealing forgotten roads, burial sites, and stories that shape our region’s past and future. Trail of Tears In the 1830s the U. Trail of Tears National Historic Trail is an illuminating site for those who want to contemplate the endurance and resilience of Indigenous peoples. Apr 23, 2025 · In 2003, North Little Rock’s Riverside Park, on the north bank of the Arkansas River, became a certified site on the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail. The Cherokee Nation was removed from their lands in 1838 by the government of the United States. In 1838, after President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, these men, women, and children walked through northwest Arkansas in harsh winter. Related archeological sites, including graves, inevitably occur along the numerous routes taken by the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles during Trail of Tears The term “Trail of Tears” signifies the various routes used for the forced removal of the five civilized Native American Indian Nations from their homelands in the east, to the Indian Territory, today’s eastern Oklahoma. 6cmrxavjcldngvefp7p6uqyubjujkrpcmvvvt5