Eastern copperhead facts. They include rattlesnakes .
Eastern copperhead facts. They are commonly called copperheads or Australian copperheads. The body of an eastern copperhead is light brown, with dark brown crossbands. Mar 10, 2021 · Just how dangerous are these snakes? How bad is a copperhead bite? The common copperhead endemic to the eastern, southern and southwest U. The belly is cream colored with large, dark gray Jun 18, 2025 · 10 Facts About Copperhead Snakes Coiled beneath a fallen log in the Appalachian foothills, a copperhead snake lies motionless, its bronze-hued scales catching dappled sunlight. The eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), [3] also known simply as the copperhead, is a widespread species of venomous snake, a pit viper, endemic to eastern North America; it is a member of the subfamily Crotalinae in the family Viperidae. Jul 13, 2025 · Across the United States, 14 states harbor multiple copperhead species, creating complex distribution patterns that wildlife enthusiasts and safety-conscious residents need to understand. The copperhead is among them, but do they ever bite people? Let’s take a look at copperheads in Arkansas, where they live, and However, if you are bitten by a copperhead, move out of the snake’s striking distance and head to the emergency room or call 911. They are pit vipers and five subspecies have been recognized so far. It’s […] Apr 14, 2025 · The copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix), also called the eastern copperhead, is a venomous snake that is endemic to the United States, with a habitat that covers nearly all of the Atlantic seaboard from Georgia to Connecticut and from western Florida to western Texas. Get a picture of the snake if possible. In the past, these snakes were classified into different subspecies, including the Northern Copperhead, Southern Copperhead, and Osage Copperhead. ” Though you can find other snakes known by the same name in Australia and Asia, this article will focus on the North American species Agkistrodon contortrix. The copperhead is a rather heavy-bodied snake with an average adult length between 2 and 3 feet. However, DNA-based studies conducted in 2008 and 2015 showed no genetic differences between the three subspecies Copperhead snakes are a species of venomous snakes. Eastern Copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix), which are a common snake across most of Virginia are venomous, which means that they kill prey by biting and injecting venom. It lives only in Eastern North America. They can be found in the southern and eastern United States. It is a type of pit viper with heat-sensing pits on its face that help it detect warm-blooded prey, even in the dark. Oct 14, 2023 · The LD50 toxicity score is 10mg, which pales next to the cottonmouth at 2mg, which is itself milder than an eastern diamondback rattlesnake (1. Bites can be quite painful, but human fatalities from copperhead bites are extremely, extremely rare. The North American copperhead Agkistrodon (also spelled Ancistrodon) contortrix is a venomous species found in swampy, rocky, and wooded regions of the eastern and central United States. Copperhead predators include eastern kingsnakes, black racers and various carnivo-rous mammals and birds, which copperheads elude largely by hiding beneath sheltering objects or relying on their superb camouflage. FS1320,Adult eastern copperheads typically reach 2–3 feet long. Apr 25, 2024 · The northern copperhead, a venomous pit viper, is a native of the eastern U. contortrix), which occurs in extreme West Tennessee, and Northern Copperhead (A. is among the least dangerous of the venomous snakes of North America but this does not mean that a bite including envenomation is not a life-threatening medical emergency. Although venomous, its bites are rarely fatal to humans, and the snake tends to avoid confrontation, preferring to rely on its excellent camouflage to stay hidden. The northern copperhead is a large, venomous snake found across the eastern United States in terrestrial and semiaquatic habitats. These snakes belong to a group called pit vipers, meaning they have heat-sensing pits between their nostril and eyes. The Eastern Copperhead is a pit-viper, as are all three of Virginia's venomous snake species (Eastern Copperhead, Northern Cottonmouth and Timber Rattlesnake). Its color varies from grayish brown to pinkish tan, with distinctive hourglass-shaped crossbands. The eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), also known as the copperhead, is a species of venomous snake, a pit viper, endemic to eastern North America; Jun 22, 2025 · Copperhead snakes don’t need much attention—they blend right in and strike when least expected. Copperhead Snake bites are, (…) May 10, 2022 · Copperhead snake facts: Copperheads are among the most common venomous snakes in America. Here's How to Identify a Copperhead: the 5-step guide! The copperhead (scientific name: Agkistrodon contortrix) is a type of venomous snake. They’re ambush predators, patiently waiting for a tasty mouse or lizard dinner. However, the eastern copperhead and eastern massasauga are also deadly. c. It has a light brown, coppery or tan (sometimes grayish or pinkish tan) background color, with strongly contrasting chestnut brown crossbands shaped like an hourglass or dumbbell—narrow in the center of the back and wide along the sides. Copperheads are most commonly The Copperhead Snake (Agkistrodon contortrix) is shorter than both the Coral snake and the Cottonmouth snake. May 18, 2025 · The eastern copperhead’s maximum venom yield is 85mg, but they inject only 26mg on average, and their bites are often dry or venom-free. The Australian copperhead lives in southern Australia and Tasmania. Basic facts about Copperhead: lifespan, distribution and habitat map, lifestyle and social behavior, mating habits, diet and nutrition, population size and status. Copperheads sometimes come across humans because of how they behave. The eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), [3] also known simply as the copperhead, is a widespread species of venomous snake, a pit viper, endemic to eastern North America; it is a member of the subfamily Crotalinae in the family Viperidae. It's a pit viper found only in eastern North America. 2mg) or eastern coral snake (0. Like the copperhead and other snakes, the timber rattlesnake would rather be Dec 16, 2023 · Copperheads are one of North America’s most widespread snakes. states, they’re more common than you might think. The females are usually longer than males. Two 'pure' Eastern Copperheads were detected in Elk County and these outlier samples should be reexamined. Copperhead Characteristics The American copperhead, with five subspecies, occurs over much of the southern two thirds of the eastern United States. Description: Like many viperids, copperheads are fairly heavy bodied snake. This copper-colored snake has an unmarked head and chestnut brown, hourglass-shaped crossbands along its body. In the state, on average, about 1 or 2 people die from venomous snake bites each year. S. Copperheads belong to a group of snakes known as “pit vipers” that get their name from the heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nose on both sides of their heads. Their heads are copper-colored, which is where they got their name. Plus, discover why baby copperhead snakes have bright The Eastern Copperhead -- Agkistrodon contortrix – is the least venomous and among the most numerous. The eyes have vertical pupils. Jun 25, 2024 · A map shows the states which are home to eastern copperhead snakes, a common venomous species whose bites can be extremely painful. Their hemotoxic venom, while rarely fatal if treated Basic facts about Eastern Copperhead Snake, Agkistrodon Contortrix: Lifespan, predators, habitat, lifestyle, social behavior, mating habits, diet and nutrition Jul 3, 2019 · The copperhead is a venomous pit viper found in North America. Copperhead snakes in Texas inhabit mixed pastures, wooded lowlands, and desert areas. They are beautiful, a bit mysterious, and responsible for their fair share of bites! Today, we are going to take a look at these snakes and find out if they live in Kentucky. Since the amount of venom injected during a bite is not enough to seriously hurt a healthy adult, the bite is rarely fatal. Oct 30, 2024 · Learn to identify copperhead snakes, where they live, how dangerous they are, and what to do if you encounter one. Known for its striking coloration and unique behavioral traits, this snake is often a subject of curiosity and concern. It can be found under and in logs, in cracks of foundations, under rocks and in deep leaf litter. Sep 7, 2016 · Copperhead snakes are medium-sized venomous snakes found in Eastern North America. Some subspecies have adapted to life in marshy Geographic Range The Copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix ) is found in 28 states throughout the central and eastern United States. This master of camouflage represents one of North America's most misunderstood predators—feared yet fascinating, common yet remarkable. Read on to learn about the Copperhead. That’s … Feb 13, 2018 · Northern Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen Background: The copperhead is one of two venomous snake species found in Connecticut; the other is the state-endangered timber rattlesnake. Aug 9, 2024 · Additionally, genetic hybrids were identified among the westernmost populations of the Eastern Copperhead (A. What is the Most Venomous Snake in Pennsylvania? The timber rattlesnake is the most venomous snake in Pennsylvania. The North American copperhead is found in the central and eastern parts of the United States. Learn how to identify these amazing—but dangerous—creatures, and explore fun facts about how they live. The copperhead snake was long believed to entail five recognized Apr 2, 2025 · INTRO: Copperhead snakes, scientifically known as Agkistrodon contortrix, are a fascinating species of venomous snakes native to the Americas. This snake prefers the cover of forest, though it will often make its home or den in rocky areas and ledges. It is identifiable by its pinkish or coppery color and by an hourglass-shaped pattern on the sk in. Males of all 3 species tend to be significantly larger than “How to identify a baby copperhead snake?” and “What does a baby copperhead look like?” are some of the most common questions that people have when it comes to identifying this species. Jan 6, 2025 · Eastern Copperhead Musk Turtle Northern Gray Treefrog Reptile and Amphibian (Herpetile) Information Online Field Guide for Reptiles and Amphibians – Information on 71 New Jersey species Meet The 22 Snake Species of the Garden State (nj. 2mg). They have distinct copper-colored heads and medium-weight bodies. The copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) may deliver more bites to humans than any A striking and fascinating snake found in the eastern and central United States. Its habitats include grasslands and woods. With their copper-colored scales and leaf-like patterns, they’re experts at hiding in plain sight. This species is secretive and tends to avoid areas with a Have you ever heard that copperhead snakes smell like cucumbers? Keep reading! In this article, we’ll discuss copperhead snake key facts. Their geographic range extends from southern New England to the eastern parts of Kansas and Nebraska, and then south to eastern Texas to the Florida panhandle. Apr 7, 2025 · Copperheads are the only venomous snake you’re likely to encounter in the Triangle and central NC. May 14, 2025 · The timber rattlesnake is the largest of the venomous snakes in Pennsylvania, reaching a length of 36 to 54 inches. This AnimalSake article provides some interesting facts about these snakes. Large logs and piles of debris and rocks are often used as shelters. Three species are currently recognized, with no subspecies. Range Copperheads are widely distributed over the eastern United States except Florida. The northern copperhead ranges from Massachusetts southward through the Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont to Georgia, and westward through northern Alabama and extreme northeastern Mississippi. Credit Peter Paplanus, Flickr. The average adult length is 20-40 inches (50-100cm), with full grown males generally towards the larger end of that spectrum. Jul 25, 2024 · The eastern copperhead is the most common venomous snake in Missouri. Individual patterns vary—sometimes the bands may break up People refer to a few different species of snakes as “Copperhead. Texas has three species of pit viper, the May 20, 2025 · Copperhead facts: Among the 6 species of venomous snakes in Georgia Most likely to be found near homes and gardens Responsible for the majority of venomous snakebites in the Southeast. Oct 15, 2024 · There are a lot of brown snakes in the southeast, making identification hard. Jul 3, 2022 · Eastern Massasauga: Eastern massasaugas (Sistrurus catenatus) are venomous rattlesnakes with cytotoxic venom that destroys tissue. Renowned for their distinctive coloration and unique behaviors, copperheads hold an important place in the ecosystems they inhabit. They grow up to three feet long and have heavy bodies with triangular heads. There are actually two subspecies of copperheads in Kansas, the eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and the broad-banded copperhead (Agkistrodon laticinctus). Discover copperheads in Indiana, where they live, and how often they bite. If these tactics fail and a copperhead is discovered, it usually attempts to crawl quickly away. This is in contrast to the timber rattlesnake, which Sep 23, 2023 · Copperheads live in North Carolina and can be found almost everywhere across the state. . Most Maryland Copperheads are assigned to Northern Copperhead A. ©Scott Delony/Shutterstock. mokasen, while apparent intergrades with Southern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen x A. However, recent DNA studies revealed minimal genetic differences between them. And in some U. Compared to snakes of similar length, copperheads are very thick and heavy-bodied. 4mb) Jun 11, 2022 · Copperhead snakes are plentiful in Kansas. This species, along with the Osage copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster) and southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) was initially regarded as the copperhead’s subspecies. This article explores ten intriguing facts about copperhead snakes, shedding light on their biology, habits, and The Eastern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) is a heavy-bodied, venomous snake with a pale tan, pinkish-tan, light brown, or gray body. The "pit" in pit-viper refers to the heating sensing pit located between the eye and the nostrils on the snake's head. They range in hue from tan to May 2, 2021 · The Copperhead Snake is the most often encountered snake in Eastern parts of the United States such as Alabama, Missouri and Arkansas. Copperheads are typically tan to pinkish in color, and easily identified by the dark brown bands across the back that are shaped like an hourglass or Hershey’s Kiss The Eastern Copperhead is typically found in high, dry, rocky and well-forested areas dominated by oaks and hickories. Eastern Copperheads have a broad diet consisting of small rodents such as mice, lizards, amphibians and large insects. They are not closely related to the American copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix. Named for their copper-colored head, they Jul 18, 2025 · 20 Facts About Copperheads in Kentucky to keep you, your family, and your pets safe this snake season! Take those hikes with confidence! Jun 5, 2025 · The Eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) is the most common venomous snake in Virginia. This species is occasionally found in suburban neighborhoods where development encroaches into The eastern copperhead is active during the day in spring and fall, becoming nocturnal in the hottest summer months. com) Snakes of NJ guide (pdf, 230kb) Snake ID At a Glance – Northern NJ (pdf, 2. Apr 1, 2025 · Meet the Copperhead Snake (Agkistrodon contortrix). However, it is extremely painful, and, like a honeybee sting, has the potential to Taxonomy of Nebraska’s Eastern Copperhead Snakes Copperhead snakes are now recognized as a single species: the Eastern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). The North American copperhead is a common species of venomous snake found in the eastern and central United States. Easily distinguishable by its vibrant copperhead with hourglass shape markings, this snake differs from other vipers by “freezing” when they encounter humans. They are one of the state’s 3 venomous species. Also, it takes at least 85 to 100mg to kill a human (lethal venom dose/LD50). contortrix contortrix) are known from portions of the Eastern Shore Aug 21, 2024 · Missouri is home to the eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). Found across the eastern US, they thrive in forests and rocky areas. Feb 19, 2025 · The eastern copperhead is one of three venomous snakes that are native to Ohio, along with the eastern massasauga rattlesnake and the timber rattlesnake. The markings are often edged in white. Luckily, their venom is relatively mild and rarely deadly for humans. , ranging as far north as southern New England. They include rattlesnakes Dec 17, 2023 · What Copperhead Species is Found in Virginia? The eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) is found in the state of Virginia. Jun 25, 2025 · The Eastern copperhead is one of the three venomous snake species that call Ohio home, and the only that calls Athens County home. Here are ten fascinating facts about Copperhead snakes that highlight their ecological significance and biological Mar 16, 2025 · Copperheads: The Facts Copperheads are shy snakes. There are a few subspecies of copperhead that live in the United States, and North Carolina is home to one of them. Mar 25, 2025 · Copperhead snakes are venomous carnivores that can grow up to 4 feet long. Their range in the United States is wide, covering most of the eastern seaboard, through the central states and over to west Texas. As a result The copperhead snake is one of only a few venomous snakes found in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, although it is rarely lethal to humans. The top of the head can be gray or tan and without any markings. These venomous snakes live in central and eastern North America. Copperheads in Maryland are dangerous snakes that should be treated with respect and caution. Find out how they use their camouflage, face pits, caudal lure and facultative parthenogenesis to survive and thrive. If trapped, it rapidly vibrates the tip of the tail, making a noise against whatever the tail hits. Copperhead Habitat and Behavior: The well-known copperhead snake, though not hugely common, has a fairly large range, is most often found within the eastern coast of North America and the midsouthern states, along the Mississippi drainage. From their fascinating hunting techniques to their May 27, 2024 · Southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) is found in eastern Texas and eastern Oklahoma and ranges north to Nebraska and east to Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. The copperhead can be found throughout most of Georgia, with the exception of the southeastern corner. These copperhead snake facts include the reptile's diet, habitat, and reproduction. It prefers rocky and wooded areas. Also called highland moccasin, Dec 17, 2023 · Rattlesnakes, cottonmouths, coral snakes, and copperheads make up the venomous snake species in the state. Basic facts about Broad-Banded Copperhead: lifespan, distribution and habitat map, lifestyle and social behavior, mating habits, diet and nutrition, population size and status. Common name: Copperhead Scientific name: Agkistrodon contortrix Range in MA: Limited to small, localized populations in Norfolk and Hampden counties Conservation status: Listed as endangered in Massachusetts Fun fact: N amed for their solid, relatively unmarked heads, which are similar to the color of an old copper coin Similar species: Eastern milksnakes (much more common, not venomous Nov 21, 2024 · The eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), a pit viper endemic to eastern North America, is one of my favorite species to encounter when out in the field. Austrelaps is a genus of venomous elapid snakes native to the relatively fertile, temperate, southern and eastern part of the Australian continent. Copperheads have the dubious distinction of having bitten more people in the United States than any other venomous snake, yet fewer snakebite deaths are attributed to the copperhead. This snake belongs to a group called pit vipers. Copperhead Snake Pictures Gallery Status Eastern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) is a widespread venomous pit viper, found widely through Maryland, but more commonly into western Maryland. That said, they still bite more people than […] Aug 7, 2025 · The copperhead snake, with its distinctive copper-colored head and hourglass-patterned body, is one of North America’s most recognizable venomous serpents. Discover copperheads in Pennsylvania: where they live and how often they bite. This snake may be found in groups, particularly in fall when moving to hibernating dens. Texas is home to more than 105 snake species, at least 12 of which are venomous. Copperheads are generally solitary, but pregnant females often bask together. They have a strikingly vibrant two-toned coppery-brown coloration and a patterning down the length of their bodies resembling an hour-glass — a hauntingly effective camouflage. Sep 23, 2022 · The Eastern Copperhead’s preferred habitats in Florida are upland pine and hardwood forests with abundant leaf litter and in forests adjacent to low, wet areas boarding swamps, stream beds, river bottoms, and damp ravines. However, the two species interbreed and hybridize throughout the state. Copperhead, any of several unrelated snakes named for their reddish head colour. Here's everything you need to know about Copperheads Feb 2, 2021 · The Eastern Copperhead is our most common pit viper in Virginia, though they are secretive and less likely to be seen than several other species that look similar. The Copperhead Snake is the most often encountered snake in Eastern parts of the United States such as Alabama, Missouri and Arkansas. From southern New York, copperheads range west through central Pennsylvania and the southern portions of Ohio Oct 12, 2022 · Copperhead snakes are some of the most widespread venomous snakes that live in the United States. Jun 16, 2025 · Fast Facts Classification Genus Austrelaps Species labialis, ramsayi, superbus Family Elapidae Suborder Serpentes Order Squamata Class Reptilia Phylum Chordata Number of Species Three Size Range Pygmy Copperhead – total length to 84cm; Highlands Copperhead – total length to 115cm; Lowlands Copperhead – total length to 145cm. Description: A medium Jun 13, 2025 · Copperheads aren’t as common as some of Florida’s other venomous snakes, but they are native to the Florida panhandle. Jun 18, 2024 · Copperhead snakes are commonly found in the eastern U. Dec 31, 2024 · You’re exploring the copperhead snakes species profile with bite information facts and pictures, smart move! These masters of camouflage rock a tan-to-brown body with hourglass markings. But could you pick one out of a lineup of venomous snakes? If the answer is no, then read on to learn what a copperhead snake looks like. The eastern copperhead is a medium-sized, stout-bodied snake with a sensory pit (heat-sensing pit) between each nostril and eye. They are one of several species in the state with overall brownish coloration and a pattern of alternating light and dark bands or splotches. These snakes aren’t usually aggressive, but they won’t hesitate to defend themselves if startled. They are pit vipers and can be found across much of the eastern half of the U. May 27, 2024 · Agkistrodon contortrix, also known as the eastern copperhead snake, is a venomous type of viper snake native to forests throughout the eastern North American continent. Caution: This snake is highly venomous! If you encounter this snake the best practice is to leave the snake alone and maintain a respectful distance from the snake. mokasen), which occurs across the rest of the state. Various patterns of rings or splotches can be seen in other New Jersey snakes (Figure 3), but the bands Apr 27, 2022 · Copperheads are one of the most commonly encountered venomous snakes in the US, but where exactly do they live? Arkansas is home to a diverse ecosystem of wildlife, including snakes! There are 36 recognized species of snake in the state, and six of them are venomous. Aug 14, 2023 · Eastern copperhead. It is gray, copper, tan, or pinkish tan with hourglass-shaped bands of dark brown. Eastern Copperheads in Virginia Eastern copperheads reach maturity at about 4 years. Their bite is said to be quite painful. Here’s how to identify and avoid them. Two subspecies are found in Tennessee: Southern Copperhead (A. Remove constricting clothing or jewelry, as the area around the bite may Jul 2, 2025 · Copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix) are venomous snakes that inhabit the Eastern and Central United States. Cryptic coloration, a secretive nature, and nocturnal habits help copperheads avoid detection, enabling them to survive in close proximity to humans. Apr 1, 2025 · INTRO: The Copperhead snake, scientifically known as Agkistrodon contortrix, is one of the most recognized and prevalent species of pit viper in North America. May 23, 2025 · The copperhead is Indiana’s most commonly-seen venomous snake. The subspecies interbreed along a broad zone where the ranges meet. Copperheads have a base color of pinkish-tan to brown, which is overlaid with dark brown markings across their backs shaped like a bow-tie or hourglass (pinched in the middle and wide on either end). A copperhead’s venom yield per bite is 40-75mg, with 100mg estimated to be fatal in humans. The eastern copperhead has distinctive, dark brown, hourglass-shaped markings, overlaid on a light reddish brown or brown/gray background. This comprehensive analysis reveals exactly which states contain overlapping copperhead territories, the specific subspecies found in each region, and critical identification differences between closely Ten Facts about the Misunderstood Snake, the Northern Copperhead: Fascinature's Field Guide Series 🤔 ABOUT THIS VIDEO 👇 In this video we discuss the Northern (Eastern) Copperhead, covering The American Copperhead The decorative but dangerous American copperhead holds membership in the pit viper family—those venomous snakes that include cottonmouth water moccasins and rattlesnakes. com The copperheads in Ohio are actually a subspecies of the eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) known as northern copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen). The snake is primarily found in Southeast Ohio, often on dry, rocky, remote hillsides. Copperhead snakes are responsible for the most venomous snake bites in the USA. The eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), also known simply as the copperhead, is a type of venomous snake. , where they inflict more bites than any other snake species. Includes 10 key facts. The Copperhead is one of 4 venomous snakes in Tennessee; this pit viper occurs across the entire state. Copperheads are small snakes that grow no larger than 40 inches. Their range extends from southern Texas in the west to Maine in the north. The subspecies native to North Carolina is the eastern copperhead, which is the most widespread Dec 20, 2022 · Copperhead: The Facts Copperheads are relatively small venomous snakes. Despite their fearsome reputation, these remarkable reptiles remain largely misunderstood. contortrix) along the Kansas and Neosho River drainages (Burbrink and Guiher, 2014). The body Learn about the habitat, diet, venom, behavior and reproduction of the eastern copperhead snake, a venomous pit viper from North America. Let’s discover copperheads in Kentucky, where they live, and how often they bite. When disturbed it will attempt to run away. If you feel one bite, back off instantly! The Eastern Copperhead is a pit-viper, as are all three of Virginia's venomous snake species (Eastern Copperhead, eastern cottonmouth and timber rattlesnake). Oct 13, 2024 · The main difference between an eastern water snake and a copperhead is that copperheads are venomous snakes with the physical characteristics of pit viper snakes and the pattern of their crossbands is hourglass-shaped, while eastern copperheads are nonvenomous and have bulb-shaped crossbands Apr 11, 2023 · Yes, there are three subspecies of copperhead in Texas, all of which are venomous. suzy yz0tgfbq ycbe mbqphr ftrxr 6kxkg tj tb7wvltss dq4zcds tstc
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